Bangladesh Home Minister gives clean chit to murders of Buddhist monk.

Venerable Maung Shue U Chak

Bloggers, atheists, free-thinkers, seculars, foreigners, Christian fathers, Hindu priests and Buddhist monks are being systematically targeted and murdered one after another in Bangladesh.

Every time Bangladeshi state-religionists and Islamic State operatives proudly claim the responsibility for these crimes. However, Dhaka dismisses their claims and says all these are "isolated incidents".

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Female Buddhists Ordination & Problems of Women Lives

Author: Sona Kanti Barua

Introduction                              

       

Bhikkhuni Ordination

Ms. Runa Barua of Bangladesh was ordained as Sramani Gautami in Buddhagaya by Venerable  Dr. Vara Sambodhi  Mahathero (India) one year ago (in 2012) and she has established the Sramani Sangha of Bangladesh. She is a prominent meditation master, she conducted meditation classes and talks on Buddhism for both Bengalis and the International community for a decade. She has trained several Buddhists men and women.  Sramani  Gautami (Ms. Runa Barua) is a perseverant seeker of Lord Buddha’s enlightenment and she has determined to dedicate her life in the footsteps of Tatagata  Buddha. It seems female sexuality is the most deep-rooted cause of man’s negative attitudes to women.  It is remarkable that triumph over prejudice (of male) and ignorance is a triumph for us all. Humanity is like the ocean.

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HINDU HERETICS & RULERS PLAN TO DESTROY BUDDHISM

                                                                                                                     Author: Sona Kanti Barua 

Introduction

A Buddhist who is too attached to the passing of time will certainly not to be a good Buddhists. Our great Bodhisattva Vimalkirti says in his Nirdesa, “Where one seeks the gnosis of omniscience, yet does not attain this gnosis at the wrong time, there is the domain of the Bodhisattva. The domain of voidness, yet where one cultivates all types of virtues, such is the domain of the Bodhisattva.” (R. Thurman, the Holy teaching of Vimalkirti, p.48.).

          There are four kinds of sattvas (beings) besides the Mahayana Bodhisattva among, those who seek for the way of non-obstruction. They are: Fanatic Brahmins

(1) Icchantikah (Destroyer of the Dharma): Icchantika’s obstacle is caused by rejecting the Mahayana dharma. This obstacle is remedied by having faith in the Mahayana as it is said in the Gatha of the sastra (book).

 (2) Tirthya (Heretics) : Their obstacle is caused by the false belief of the Atmans

Existence (Brahmanism) in the body of all living beings. This obstacle is remedied by the practice of the Prajnaparamita Sutra as it is emphasized in the Gatha of the Sastra

 (3) Sravakah (follower of the Early Buddhism): Their fear of suffering of in this world. This obstacle is remedied by the practice of Samadhi, such as Akasagarbha or Surangamana as it is indicated in the Gatha of the sastra.

 (4) Pratyeka Buddha: Silence Buddha’s obstacle is caused by his abandonment of the altruistic task. This obstacle is remedied by the practice of great compassion (Mahakaruna) and great kindness (Mahamaitri) as it is declared in the Gatha of the Sastra.

There is an unanimous opinion in the Mahayana Sutras on the types of Bodhisattva. A Bodhisattva moves ahead step by step through four stages:

1.     Bodhisattva  who has just raised Bodhicitta

2.     Bodhisattva who has begun to go on the way of six Paramitas (Perfections).

3.     Bohisattva who never slips back to a previous stage.

4.  Bodhisattva who lives his last life in Samsara.

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Buddhagaya Vihar and VedicTerror in Buddhist India

Author: Sona Kanti Barua

Introduction

Buddhgaya Vihar, A place Buddha was born.

August 8, 2011 Buddhagaya, Bihar (India) , about 2600 years ago Gautama Buddha was supremely enlightened at Buddhagaya and there is a sinister conspiracy to change the Buddhagaya’s Mahabodhi Temple into a Hindu temple by Hindu fundamentalists in India.  South Asian news agency reported that India and Bihar Governments’ neglects found at fault and a total shutdown was observed in this Buddhagaya of this Bihar town, known as the most sacred pilgrimage place of the Buddhist world. People irrespective of religions including local traders, hoteliers and Buddhist Monks Community observed the shutdown that severely affected normal life to protest the district magistrate’s anti-encroachment drive dated August 8, 2011. “The state government had directed the district administration to demolish illegal construction near the 1,500 year old Mahabodhi temple in Buddhagaya to create a buffer zone as per UNESCO plans;” a district officer said.  The state government of Bihar had however, admitted that new structures have come up within the restricted area.

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আলোর মিছিল চাই- চাই আলোকিত মানুষ

Author: এস. নয়ন

নিজের নদী সবার থাকে। কেউ চায় সেই নদীতে ভেসে যেতে, কেউ চায় স্রোতের টানে ভেসে আসা খরকুটোকে সম্বল করে নতুন গতি বেছে নিতে। চিরায়ত গণ্ডির বাইরে গিয়ে নতুন ধারাকে অবলম্বন করাটা অনেকেরই কাছেই অসম্ভব। আর সেই না পাওয়ার ক্ষোভ থেকেই শুরু হয় নানা রকমের আফসোস। আর ভাবে আমার দেশ কেনো এমন নেই, কেনো ওমন হলোনা! অথচ জীবনকে নতুন গতি দেয়ার, নিজের মতো করে চালানোর যে আলোকিত পথ সবাই খোঁজে, তা কিন্তু ছিল চোখের সামনে।

Associate with the Fully Enlightened one, Light shall reach you. 

ছিলেন, আছেন আলোকিত মানুষ গড়ার কারিগর অধ্যাপক আবদুল্লাহ আবু সায়ীদ। আর ইন্দিরা রোডের ছোট্ট একটি কামড়া থেকে আজ বাংলা মোটরের আকাশ ছোয়া বাড়িতে যে স্বপ্নের কারখানা, তার নাম বিশ্বসাহিত্য কেন্দ্র।

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Durga (Tara Devi) Puja & Chasing Mirage of Political Hinduism

By Sona Kanti Barua

Durga Puja (Tara Devi)

In the ocean of humanity there are no human rights in the Vedic (Hindu) tragedy of caste system.  Ariyan King Indra destroyed Indus civilization (Mohenzo-daro and Harappa’s Pre- historical Kanaka Muni & Kassapa Buddha’s Buddhism) and Brahmanism was started to absorb Buddhism. Now Hindu fundamentalists are killing Christians in Orissa and Karnataka.  We believe the degradation of Hindu & Muslims terrorists’ degradation is human society’s degradation. Even today in the name of religion fundamentalists are killing Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Dalit - Buddhists and poor low castes people in South Asia.  Anticlerical or Brahman’s political Hinduism’s factor in the Buddhist movement was started for the establishment of the democratic society. But Brahman Mafia prayed to the power of the emperor Akbar and Brahmin scholars complied and edited the Allah Upanisad during his reign and declared Prophet Mohammad as an Avatar of their religion.

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Attacking Buddhists in Bangladesh

by Sona Kanti Barua

Buddhist Temples Burnt like nothing

First Bangla book – the Charyapada was originated from teachings of Lord Buddha and the Buddha is the father of Bangla language, culture and civilization.  Bengali Islamic fundamentalists defeated by the Buddhist Bengali book’s Bangla heritage and to protect Bengali language several students of Dhaka University were killed by the East Pakistani Government dated February 21, 1952.  Bengali language and its Buddhist heritage took over terrorism of misuse of Islam in Bangladesh.  Higher educated Muslims have founded Atish Dipankar University in Dhaka in the glorious memory of the great Buddhist monk who preached Buddhism in Tibet.  It is also most remarkable that Bengal’s glorious hero Vijoy Singh discovered and took over Sri Lanka to establish Buddhist civilization 2600 years ago.

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Buddhist Culture in Japan

By Sona Kanti Barua

Buddhist Culture in Japan

There are thirteen Buddhist sects in Japan. They are: The Kegon (the Avatamsaka school), the Ritsh (the Vinaya school), the Hosso (the Dharma – Laksna school), the Tendai, the Shingon (Tantric Buddhism of Charyapada, Bangladesh), the Jodo, the Jodo – shin, the Yuzunenbutsu, the Ji, the Rinzai, there were three others, namely, the Sanron (the Three sastra school of Madhyamika), the Kusha (the Abhidharma kosa school) and Zen Buddhism or the Jojitsu (the Satyasiddhi sastra school), they are more or less extinct and have little independent influence.  Chinese Buddhist sects are sources of Japanese Buddhist sects.  Tantric Buddhism (Sahajiya Buddhism of Charyapada) was founded by Great monk Kukai (774 to 835) who was the founder of modern Japanese alphabets. 

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Buddhism and Japanese

Characteristics of Existence

By Sona Kanti Barua

Different Characteristics of Society Existence

The Buddha taught, “All conditioned things, are impermanent, all conditioned things are suffering or discontent and all things are without substance.” 14 The Buddha’s teaching is centered on the natural law of depended origination or the `Theory of Relation of Phenomena.’  The Buddha discovered natural laws (Dharma) of arising of problems of life and solving of problems of life. A sincere Buddhist learns that sensuous pleasure is transient. With this understanding a Buddhist scholar does not classify natural laws the same way as a physicist. The aim of his study in the same i.e. he seeks happiness. What is arises that is subject to destruction. This is the teaching of the Buddha. So the ultimate happiness or salvation of Buddhism is Nirvana. There are many who have got a wrong notion that Nirvana is negative and implies ending of self.

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King Indra Destroyed Buddhism of Kassapa Buddha in Indus Civilization:

Indus Velly Civilization

(a) Vedic King Indra and his army officers were into wine and women at the highest level. They were involved in bribe, womanizing, torture brutality beyond belief. To destroy Buddhism in Mohenjodaro and Harappa Vedic king Indra and his Army used their excessive use of force and fire power in Sind and Punjab. (b) Senseless wanton arson killings in the countryside during the course of the “Sweeping operations” following King Indra’s military action. (c) Killing of Buddhist monks, priests, nuns, intellectuals and professionals like doctors, engineers, etc. and burying them in mass graves. (d) Raping of a large number of Mohenjodaro and Harappa women by the King Indra, his officers and man of the army as a deliberate act of revenge, retaliation and torture. (e) Deliberate killing of members of the Buddhist community and Vedic ruler was established the caste –system. 

 Settlement of the Indo-Aryans:

 

indo-Ariyan

Indian Vedic Hindu was started with war and to destroy Pre-Historic Buddhist civilization in Mohenjodaro and Harappa. The holy Rigveda contains 1,028 hymns with, 10,600 verses which are collected in ten books. Two hymns of the Rigveda (VII, 18 and 33) report a “Battle of Ten Kings.” Vedic hymns praise the chief god of the Aryans, king Indra, as a breaker of the forts (purandara). In 1786 Sir William Jones, the founder of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, discovered the close relationship between Sanskrit, the language of these Indo-Aryans, and Greek, Latin, German and Celtic languages. Vedic king Indra destroyed the pre-historical Buddhist heritage of the six Buddhas in South Asian cultures: (1) Vipassi Buddha  (2) Sikhi Buddha (3) Vessabho Buddha (4) Kakusandha Buddha (5) Konagamana Buddha and (6) Kassapa Buddha, mentioned in the Buddhist Text of Digha and the Samyutta Nikayas as immediate predecessors of Gautama Buddha were real human Sramanic great teachers whose historicity has been reflected in myths and legends so universally found in the Buddhist literature, Jataka story, sculpture, architecture, Ajanta Caves and Art of Asia.

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Emperor Asoka speaks

 Above the circumstances, Emperor Asoka referring to the Stupa of Kanakamuni Buddha, that “of the numerous Buddhas whose names are recorded in the Buddhist books as predecessors of Gautama Buddha it would seem therefore historically probable that a real basis of fact underlies the name and personality of Kanakamuni as well as of Gautama Buddha’s successor Kassapa Buddha (page 56, Lal Mani Joshi “Brahmanism Buddhism and Hinduism, Kandy, Sri Lanka and Nepal’s inscriptions of Asoka).

Buddhism was kidnapped by the Hindu Politics in South Asia:

Buddhism invites anyone to come and see (Ehipassiko) for himself and permits him to accept only those facts which agree with reason, logic and truth. It encourages the seeker of a new way to discard heresies, blind faith, miracles and magic. So scientist Albert Einstein expressed this appreciation of Buddhism, “The religion of the future will be a cosmic religion. It should transcend a personal God and avoid dogmas and theology. Covering both the natural and spiritual, it should be based on a religious sense arising from the experiences of all things, natural and spiritual, as a meaningful unity. Buddhism answers this description.” The Mahavastu Avadana records the following relevant lines addressed to Bodhisattva Gautama Siddhartha:

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Buddha is the Light of Civilization & Bengali Words In Thai Language by Sona Kanti barua

Introduction

Is there a Bangla district in Thailand?  Bengali Buddhist migrants came to Thailand and discovered Bangla Mong (or Mukh as a face of Bangladesh) in Siam 1200 years ago.  On the way to Pattaya from Bangkok, we could find Bangla Mong is a district in Chon buri province of Thailand. When Hindu and Muslim rulers were confiscated Buddhist Rights and survival then many Buddhists forced to leave Bangladesh and founded home at abroad including neighboring Buddhist countries.

 Buddhistic Culture of Bangladesh & Thailand

Suvarnabhumi (it seems Bengali name) is the name of Bangkok International Airport and its meaning is South East Asia.  Indian Buddhist emperor Asoka -the great introduced  Buddhism to the world including Thailand and Suvarnabhumi (South East Asia) by  the mission of Buddhist Monks led by great Bengali  Bhikkhu Sona Thera  and great  Bhikkhu Uttara Thera (of Orissa)  2300 years ago.

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Asokan Rock edicts are laws of Asokan State: By Sona Kanti Barua

Kings words are laws. Asoka - the Great King of South Asia, who propagated Buddhism in the 3^rd century B.C. There are explanations of Buddha’s Sutras (Discourses of Buddha) inscribed in hills, rock edicts as the laws of Emperor Asoka.  Doing good is Brahman. Good is God. Doing bad business in the name of God is not Brahman. The first thing to recognize is that rights are in the gift of others and depend upon their good will, if not of the individual ancient Indians perceive as owing Asokan empire a right, then at least upon the goodwill of society in its as enforcer of Dharma’s rights. Emperor Asoka’s subjects can expect to be treated well by Dharma in practice as we read in rock edicts. For a while he (King Asoka) became a pilgrim. He went on pilgrimage in Lumbini, there are five lines of Brahmi script engraved on the pillar erected by king Asoka (249 – 250 B. C.) . In the second line there are two compound words, hida Buddhue Jate Sakyamuni, means here Sakyamuni Buddha was born. 18Lumbini is the birth place of the prince Siddhartha who later became the Buddha.

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Dharma is the Religion and Law of the Asokan Buddhist State: By Sona Kanti Barua

Dharma (in Pali Dhamma) is a Sanskrit word and there is an all embracing  term related with the maintenance of universal order. The climax of Emperor Asoka’s life appears to have come soon after the conquest of Kalinga (Orissa, India).  Before he was a cruel King Asoka ( Chanda Asoka), after the Kalinga war he repented for many people’s killings. He was converted into Buddhism and became Dharma Asoka.  Why Buddhism? King Asoka was not satisfied with Brahmanism and Jainism like his Grandfather and father. Buddhist literature Asokavana (life of Asoka) would be to say that dharma has been restored in the idea of a welfare state as well as a secular state. Asokan ideals of kingship made conquest by righteousness (Dharmavijaya) inspired by the Buddhist morality. King Asoka transformed the war drums (bheri ghosa) into the drums of righteousness (dharma ghosa) and its message spread throughout his empire and abroad.

            Under the Emperor Asoka, nearly whole South Asian Continent was unified for the first time in history. The question again and again arises concerning the Dharma of emperor Asoka. Dharma meant for Asoka morality, active social concern, religious tolerance, ecological awareness and observance of ethical precepts and renunciation of war.

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EMPEROR ASOKA SPEAKS by Sona Kanti Barua

Cultural liberation War over the Tragedy of Vedic Caste system: 

All Hindus pay respect to the Buddha. Problems come only in making Indian Governments and in following the Vedic caste system.  Those glorious days of Buddhists have gone due to Brahmin and Hindu rulers’ conspiracy Hindu and Brahmin rulers take over Buddhism, Buddhist symbols and Buddhist temples in India. A large number of Buddhist Viharas were usurped by Brahmins into Hindu temples where the untouchables (Dalits) were no entrance in South Asia. Emperor Asoka did not like Brahmin’s religion or Hinduism and he inherited a large empire that had been built up gloriously by his grandfather Chandragupta Maurya and his father Bindusara. The Asoka’s legend (Asokavadana) recorded that Emperor Asoka defeated the three kingdoms (modern Orissa) in about 256 B.C. – the sixteenth year of his reign and the eighth year and the eighth after his consecration. Who was the Emperor Asoka ? Asoka’s father Bindusara and his grandfather was Chandragupta who followed the Brahmin minister Kutilya’s theory of statecraft of the Vedic Caste system. In the name of the Vedic religion abuse of humanity is wrong in any civilization. What is abuse in the caste system? Dalits or so called lower castes people have been abused when higher caste man hurt him or her badly. The abuse can be physical, sexual, emotional, psychological or financial.

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North American Buddhist Fellowship Conference July 19 – 20, 2013, Boston

Author: Sona Kanti barua

Boston, U. S. A. We have to heal our Buddhists by the Blessings of Lord Buddha at home and abroad.  This is our respectful gratitude to all relating to the success of North American Buddhist Fellowship Conference as we have accomplished our mission by our friends of Boston Buddhist Association dated July 19 – 20, 2013. Please let us remember it days to come. How the Chakma, Marma and Barua Buddhists will survive in Bangladesh?

Suddenly Muslim Rohingya Terror and fundamentalists attacked our Barua Buddhists at Ramu and Patiya and set fire on our Temples and houses dated Sept. 29, 2012. .  Again the Muslim fanatics attacked Supura (Satkania) Barua village dated February 28, 2013. Our Barua Buddhists shocked and we could not think of our happy surviving in our mother land.  

 

Barua Buddhists will survive in Bangladesh

Our dream may come into true soon!  (Origin : Plan to form). On 20^th July B. E. 2557 (C.E. 2013) in Boston, U.S.A. , for the purpose of bringing closer together the Buddhists of the North America, for exchanging news and views  about the conditions of Buddhists in different regions of North America and discussing ways and means where by Buddhists  could make their due contributions towards the attainment of peace and happiness. There were 150 delegates from Canada, Bangladesh and U. S. A. who attended the First Conference representing various regions and communities.  

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রবীন্দ্রনাথের ভাষণে বুদ্ধগয়া প্রসঙ্গ

Author: Sona Kanti Barua,
President, Canadian Buddhist Council, Toronto

ভারত সরকার দানব নদীতে বাঁধ দিয়ে ২০০১ সালে লুম্বিনী ধ্বংসের পরিকল্পনা ছিল কেন? মহাচীনের ভয়ে ভারত থেমে গেছে।  আজকের ভারতীয় রাজনীতি দানব নদীর পানিকে অস্ত্রের মতো  ব্যবহার করে বুদ্ধের জন্মভূমি লুম্বিনি কানন সহ বিশাল জনপদ ধ্বংস করতে উদ্যত। রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ভাষায়, “তিনি (গৌতমবুদ্ধ) জন্মেছেন মানবের চিত্তে, প্রতিদিন তিনি জন্মাচ্ছেন, প্রতিদিন তিনি বেঁচে আছেন।”বিশ্ববিজয়ী বৌদ্ধজগত এবং মহাচীনের বৌদ্ধগণ গৌতমবুদ্ধের জন্মভূমি লুম্বিনী রক্ষার জন্যে বদ্ধপরিকর এবং চীন সরকার সম্প্রতি লুম্বিনী উদ্যান প্রাঙ্গনে বৌদ্ধ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, হোষ্টেল কমপ্লেক্স, মিউজিয়াম এবং হাইওয়ে প্রতিষ্ঠার জন্যে ৩ বিলিয়ন ডলার বাজেট ঘোষনা করেছেন ভারতের বিরুদ্ধে বুদ্ধের জন্মভূমি লুম্বিনি রক্ষার জন্যে। দিনের পর দিন হিন্দুরাজনীতি বৌদ্ধহত্যা যজ্ঞ (দেশ, ৪ মে ২০০১ পৃষ্ঠা ১২ কলকাতা এবং সম্পাদকীয় ২২ আগষ্ট ১৯৯৩ আনন্দবাজার পত্রিকা) সহ গৌতমবুদ্ধের ঐতিহাসিক পবিত্র জন্মভূমি নেপালের ‘লুম্বিনী উদ্যান’  নিয়ে নানা ষড়যন্ত্র  রচনা করে চলেছে ।
হিন্দুত্ববাদীদের আক্রমনে ভারতের মাটিতে গৌতমবুদ্ধের তপস্যা এবং বৌদ্ধধর্ম ধ্বংসের বিলুপ্ত প্রসঙ্গে বিশ্বকবি রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর তাঁর বিভিন্ন কবিতা এবং প্রবন্ধে আলোচনা করেছিলেন। গুরুদেব রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ভাষায়, তাঁর (গৌতমবুদ্ধের) তপস্যা কি শুধু ইতিহাসের পাতায় লেখা আছে ? ভারতের মাটিতে আজ তাঁর তপস্যা বিলুপ্ত হয়েছে। আমাদের অমূল্য ভান্ডারে দ্বার ভেঙ্গে গেছে। মানুষকে আমরা শ্রদ্ধা করিনে। . . .গৌতমবুদ্ধ আমার মহান গুরু, আমার সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ শিক্ষক।Òh Buddha, my lord, my master, thy birthplace, is truly here where cruel is the world of men, for thy mercy is to fill the black of their utter failure, to help them who have lost their faith and betrayed their trust; to forget themselves in thee and thus forget their day.

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Misinterpretation of Buddhism: The Buddha and His Dhamma by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

Book Review

Sona Kanti Barua

President, Canadian Buddhist Council, Toronto

The Buddha and His Dhamma by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

(Misinterpretation of Buddhism, 599 pages), Published by People’s Education Society, 1957, Bombay & The Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation, Taiwan, 1997)

Reviewed by Sona Kanti Barua,

President, Canadian Buddhist Council, Toronto.

The Buddha and His Dhamma  

Highly respectable author Dr. B. R. Amedkar was a great man and he has dedicated his life for welfare of human beings, Dalits, human rights and Buddhism. But there are some mistakes in his book entitled The Buddha and His Dhamma (a) 14. Conflict with Sangh (pages : 24 to 26); (b) 15 Offer of Exile (pages 26 to 28), (c)16. Parivaja – the Way Out (pages 28 to 29), (d) 17. Parting Words (pages 30 to 32) (e) Leaving His Home (pages 32 to 35).  

The author Dr. B. R. Ambedkar did not understand the perfection of Buddhahood including the renunciation and he did not mention in this book relating to the  Nekhamma ( Renunciation) parami of the Buddha.   According to the author that renunciation is punishment. It is not true in the life of the Buddha.  Understanding the renunciation (on the great journey to supreme enlightenment) of  Bodhisattva Prince Siddhartha’s long cherished resolution as he performed Renunciation   Parami (Nekkhamma Perfection) with other 9 perfections. Renunciation is followed by wisdom or knowledge. Buddha teaches both by example and by precept. Within he (the Buddha)  is pure, without he purifies.  According to the Jatataka No. 538,  Prince Temiya avoided pleasures and in order to devote time for higher things in life.

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BUDDHIST MONK HELPS JOLIE FIX WEDDING DATE

BUDDHIST MONK HELPS JOLIE FIX WEDDING DATE

Jolie and brad Pitt

 

Hollywood star Angelina Jolie, who is set to marry fiance Brad Pitt this summer, has picked her wedding date with the help of a Buddhist monk.

The 37-year-old actress has chosen the top secret date with some spiritual help, reported National Enquirer online.

"Angie has used Buddhist astrology in the past to help her pick the best or most auspicious days for important moments in her life. She's relied on the Buddhist calendar to plan medical procedures and vacations for herself, Brad and the kids. She's even used it for picking the dates of her movie openings," she said.

"That's when Angie was completely converted to Buddhist astrology and she's not taking that chance with Brad. Angie is convinced the date of their union will guarantee their future happiness," the source added.

According to friends, Pitt with whom she raises six children with, is happy to go along with whatever Jolie thinks and says she can take her time with choosing the date.

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Buddhist Flag

Buddhist Flag:

A flag (Patàka or dhwaj) is a piece of fabric of a particular color or design used for decoration or more usually to represent something. The flag now widely used to represent Buddhism was designed by the American Buddhist Henry Steel Olcott in the 1880’s as a part of his efforts to unite the Buddhists of Sri Lanka in their struggle against foreign missionaries. The flag is rectangular, with six vertical bars - blue, yellow, red, white, orange and finally a combination of all five. These stripes represent the colored rays that emanated from the Buddha’s body when he attained enlightenment. 

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